Spain's most common visa types & when to use them

Dreaming of a life filled with sunshine, siestas and vibrant culture?

Moving to Spain means more than just a change of address: it’s a chance to embrace a whole new lifestyle. From savouring tapas to strolling along Mediterranean beaches, Spain has something for everyone.

But before packing your bags, you’ll need a visa, and you’ll have to decide which Spanish visa type best fits your personal circumstances.

Spain has a wide range of visas for non-EU citizens, so whether you’re planning a short stay, looking for work, studying at a university or looking to settle down long-term, there is a visa option to suit everyone.

In this article, we’ll talk you through your options, including:

• An at-a-glance Spain visa comparison
• How to choose the right visa
• Short-stay visas (Schengen Type C)
• Work visas
• f and language course visas
• Family reunification visas
• Non-lucrative and permanent residence visas

By the end of this guide, you’ll have a clear picture of Spain’s visa landscape and which path is most suitable for your plans.

Spain’s visa types at a glance

To make sense of Spain’s visa system, it helps to see the essentials side by side. Below is a simple comparison of the most common visa types.

How to choose the right visa

Selecting the right visa for you will largely depend on your primary purpose for heading to Spain. Are you staying short-term for tourism, building a career, studying or moving with your family? Each visa type has its own requirements, benefits and limitations.

When deciding on which Spanish visa to apply for, you should carefully consider:

1. Length of stay

Short trips fall under Schengen rules, while long-term residence requires national visas.

2. Work intentions

Not every visa allows you to work legally. Some, like the non-lucrative visa, specifically prohibit employment.

3. Financial stability

Many Spanish visas (such as non-lucrative or student visas) require proof of sufficient funds.

4. Future goals

If you aim for permanent residence or Spanish citizenship, choose a visa that offers a clear pathway towards this.

Short-stay trips to Spain: Schengen Type C visa)

The Schengen Type C visa is the standard option for short stays in Spain. It allows you to visit for up to 90 days within a 180-day period. People use it most often for tourism, family visits or short business trips.

It’s not intended for long-term studying or working, but if you’re looking to do a course or program that lasts under 90 days, you can usually get by with a Schengen Type C visa. But once your studies go past 90 days or involve a full degree, you’ll need to switch to Spain’s national student visa (Type D). Knowing the difference will save you a lot of hassle later.

Many nationalities, including citizens of the United States, Canada, Australia and the UK, don’t need a visa for short stays. But nationals from other countries do need to apply in advance: the EU’s visa policy sets out which countries do, and do not, require a visa.

For some longer visa types, Americans may need a visa.

Work visas in Spain

Spain offers several visa options for non-EU nationals who want to work legally. The most common ones are the general work visa, the digital nomad visa, and the entrepreneur visa.

General work visa

The general work visa is for people with a confirmed job offer. Your employer must first request work authorisation from the authorities. Once approved, you apply at your local Spanish consulate.

This visa is typically issued for one year and can be renewed, but it is tied to the employer who sponsored your application. Changing jobs requires a new work authorisation and visa. Over time, consistent renewals and continuous employment can pave the way to long-term residence or permanent residency, offering more flexibility and security in Spain.

The general work visa also allows you to bring certain family members under a family reunification permit, enabling your spouse and dependent children to live with you while you work. However, it does not automatically allow you to work for another employer or start your own business without separate authorisation.

Digital nomad visa

The digital nomad visa is for remote workers and freelancers with clients abroad. You’ll need to prove you earn at least €2,200 per month (around €26,000 a year) and can work remotely.

The visa allows you to live in Spain while working for foreign companies or clients. If you apply from inside Spain, you may receive an initial three-year residence permit that is renewable later.

Entrepreneur visa

The entrepreneur visa is aimed at people starting innovative businesses. To qualify, you need a business plan approved by the Spanish government.

The visa lasts two years, can be renewed and gives you a direct path towards long-term residence if your business succeeds.

Student and language course visas

If you’ve been accepted into a Spanish university or educational program lasting more than 90 days, you’ll need a student visa. This visa lets you study and also work up to 30 hours per week.

You’ll need proof of enrollment, enough financial resources to support yourself and health insurance that meets Spanish requirements.

Learn more about Spanish student health insurance.

The visa usually lasts for as long as your studies do, with extensions available.

For shorter programs, the language course visa is available to non-EU citizens enrolled in courses longer than 90 days. This visa usually doesn’t come with work rights, but it’s a useful stepping stone. Many students later switch to a student or work visa once they meet the requirements. Read our full guide.

Family reunification visas

If you already live in Spain as a resident or citizen, you can bring close family members to join you. Eligible relatives usually include spouses or registered partners, dependent children under 18 and sometimes also dependent parents. Parents are typically eligible if they rely on you for financial support or would face hardship without you. This type of visa helps families to live together and receive necessary care and support while you are residing legally in Spain.

As a sponsor, you’ll need to prove you have stable housing, sufficient income and legal residency. The family visa generally matches the validity of your residence permit. Over time, dependents can often apply for their own independent permits, giving them more long-term security.

Non-lucrative visas

The non-lucrative visa is a popular choice for retirees and people with passive income who want to live in Spain without working. To qualify, you must show proof of at least €28,000 in annual income, have private health insurance, a clean criminal record and a registered address in Spain. The visa starts with a one-year validity, then can be renewed in two-year increments.

Permanent residence visas

After five years of continuous residence, most non-EU nationals can apply for permanent residence. This status grants almost all the same rights as Spanish citizens, including the ability to work. Applicants need stable income, no serious criminal history and some proof of integration into the country’s culture, such as the learning of basic Spanish language skills. Permanent residence offers a long-term pathway to stability and, eventually, citizenship.

Ready to apply for your Spanish visa?

Spain’s visa system can seem overwhelming at first, but understanding the main categories makes it much easier to plan your move. Whether you’re looking for a short stay, a professional opportunity, or a long-term future in Spain, there’s a visa type designed to fit your needs.

The key is preparation: gather documents early, confirm requirements with your local Spanish consulate and make sure your health insurance meets the strict visa rules. With the right approach, your path to Spain can be smooth, legal and well-prepared.