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How to apply for an Italian visa

Moving to Italy? If you’re not a European national, you’ll likely need a visa to enter. 

Under Schengen entry rules, short stays are limited to 90 days, and longer visits require a visa or residence permit.

> In this guide, you’ll learn:
> 
> * The main short and long-term visa types for Italy
> 
> * The documents you’ll need to prepare
> 
> * How the application process works 
> 
> * What to expect after arrival, including residence permits
> 
> * And our tips for avoiding common mistakes

By the end, you’ll know exactly which visa is best suited to your situation and how to secure it smoothly.

Let’s dive in\!

## **Choosing the right visa**

The visa you need depends on the purpose of your trip and the duration of your stay. 

Italy uses the **Schengen visa** for short visits (less than 90 days) and **national visas** for longer stays (more than 90 days).

Here’s a list of the most common visa types in Italy:

* **Tourist visas** are the most common, letting you stay in Italy for up to 90 days. They are strictly intended for tourists, and not for those seeking work.   

* **Student visas** are issued to students who have been accepted into a recognized Italian institution. They often come with limited work rights, so you can take on part-time jobs while studying.   

* **Work visas** require you to fit into Italy’s quota system (decreto flussi), which limits the number of permits available. To apply, you’ll need both a job offer and sponsorship from an Italian employer.   

* **Family reunification visas** allow close relatives (spouce, children, or parents) to join someone legally living in Italy. These visas offer residency rights and a pathway to long-term settlement. 

You’ll find the full list of visa categories on the [Ministry of Foreign Affairs website](https://www.esteri.it/en/servizi-consolari-e-visti/ingressosoggiornoinitalia/visto_ingresso/tipologie_visto_durata/). 

It’s also worth knowing that **not everyone needs a visa**. 

Citizens of the EU, EEA, and Switzerland can freely enter, live, and work in Italy, and many non-EU passport holders are also visa-exempt for short stays.

## **Step 1: Complete the application form**

Once you’ve decided which visa is right for you, the first step is filling out the Italian visa application form, available on your local [Italian consulate’s website](https://www.esteri.it/en/servizi-consolari-e-visti/) or from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 

**One standardized form** covers both Schengen short-stay visas and national long-stay visas. 

However, you’ll need to attach different **supporting documents** depending on your visa type.

Common mistakes to avoid when filling out the form:

* Leaving sections blank (even if not applicable, write “N/A”)

* Forgetting to sign at the end

* Providing incomplete addresses or vague travel details

## **Step 2: Prepare your required documents**

Once your form is ready, the next step is to gather all the necessary documents. 

Here’s what to prepare:

* **A completed visa application form**, fully filled out and signed.  

* **A valid passport** with at least two blank pages, and copies of the bio-data page and any past visas/stamps  

* **Passport-sized (35x45 mm) photos** taken within the past 6 months.   

* **Travel Itinerary** and flight details  

* **Proof of financial means**, such as bank statements, payslips, or a sponsor’s financial guarantee letter  

* **Accomodation details in Italy** (hotel reservations, rental agreements, etc..)  

* **Proof of [visa-compliant Italian health insurance](https://feather-insurance.com/en-it/health-insurance/expat)** with a minimum coverage of €30,000 across the entire Schengen area. 

Depending on the type of visa, you may also need to provide an **employment contract** (for work visas), **proof of** **university enrollment** (for student visas), or **documentation of a family relationship** (for family reunification visas). 

These often require **official translations and apostilles** if your documents aren’t in Italian.

## **Step 3: Book your appointment** 

Once your documents are ready, it’s time to book your visa appointment.

Your application must be lodged at the Italian embassy or consulate responsible for **the area where you are legally residing**. To confirm your correct jurisdiction, check the [official directory of Italian consulates](https://www.esteri.it/en/ministero/struttura/laretediplomatica/) worldwide. 

The booking process differs depending on the country:

* **VFS Global**: outsourced centers in many countries handle appointments and document collection

* **Prenota Online**: Italy’s official digital booking system, used in some consulates

* **Direct embassy booking**: Smaller embassies and consulates may manage appointments by email or phone

**Expect long wait times**, especially during summer and winter holidays. In some places, slots can fill up months in advance, so book as soon as your travel plans are set\!

If you’re applying in a country where you’re **not a citizen**, you’ll need to show legal residence there. Many embassies won’t accept applications from short-term visitors.

## **Step 4: Attend your visa interview**

Your visa interview is where the consular staff checks your documents and asks questions to confirm your intent.

Here’s what to expect:

* **Document check**: staff review originals and copies, ensuring everything is complete

* **Interview questions**: expect questions about the length and purpose of your visit, financial stability, and ties to your home country

* **Consistency check**: officers compare your answers with the documents you provided. Any contradictions can raise red flags

A calm, organized approach demonstrates that you’ve planned responsibly and can make the process smoother.

## **Step 5: Provide biometric information**

All Schengen countries, including Italy, follow the same biometric rules. 

During your appointment, you’ll need to provide your **fingerprints**. Fingerprints are stored in the Schengen Visa Information System (VIS) and remain valid for 5 years.

Certain applicants, including **children under 12** years old, **diplomatic staff, and heads of state,** are exempt.

For official details, you can refer to the Schengen Visa Code regarding biometrics.

## **Step 6: Pay the application fee**

Visa applications always come with a fee. The exact amount depends on the type of visa you’re applying for and your age.

Here are the current fee amounts for Schengen short-stay visas:

* **Adults**: around €80 

* **Children aged 6–12**: around €40

* **Children under 6**: free

* **Students, researchers, and certain categories**: reduced or waived fees

For the most up-to-date amounts, please refer to the [**EU Schengen fee schedule**](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/news/schengen-visa-fee-increased-11-june-2024-2024-06-13_en) or your **local Italian consulate’s website**.

**Payment methods** differ by location. Some consulates accept cash only, whilst others allow card payments. In some countries, fees must be paid in advance via bank transfer.

Double-check the payment instructions on your consulate’s website to avoid being caught unprepared.

Importantly, **visa fees are non-refundable** if your application is rejected. Rare exceptions may apply in cases of clerical errors or canceled appointments, but these are uncommon. 

## **Step 7: Wait for processing and receive your visa**

Once you’ve handed in your application, the waiting begins. 

For **Schengen short-stay visas**, the standard processing time is up to **15 days**. However, this can extend to 30 or even 60 days during busy travel seasons or when extra checks are required. 

National visas (for study, work, or family purposes) typically take longer.

Since times differ by country, always check the **website of the Italian embassy or consulate** where you applied. Some publish regular updates on expected timelines.

Once approved, the visa is placed directly into your passport. How you get your passport back depends on the consulate:

* **In person pick-up** at the consulate

* **Courier service** (with an extra fee)

* **Collection by proxy** if you authorize someone to pick it up for you

Please confirm the return method at your appointment.

The **validity** of your visa depends on its type:

* **Single-entry** visas permit entry into Italy only once. If you leave, the visa will expire even if there are days remaining.

* **Multiple-entry** visas permit repeated entry during the validity period, provided you comply with the 90-day rule within a 180-day period.

National visas (study, work, family) usually grant entry once, but you’ll then apply for a **residence permit** after arrival.

## **What to do after you get your Italian visa**

Congratulations\! You’ve obtained your visa, but there are still a few steps to ensure your stay in Italy goes smoothly.

A visa allows you to travel to Italy, but the **final decision is made by border officers**. They can still request proof of your plans and finances before allowing you in. For that reason, always carry:

* Your return ticket

* Proof of accommodation

* Travel insurance documents

* Proof of funds

If you’re staying in Italy for **over 90 days**, you must apply for a **residence permit (permesso di soggiorno)** within 8 days of arrival. Without this permit, your long-term visa will not be valid for living in Italy.

The process usually goes like this:

1. Pick up the application kit at a post office
2. Submit it with your documents and pay the fees
3. Receive an appointment at the **Questura** (police station) for fingerprints and final approval

**Extending a short-stay Schengen visa** is extremely difficult and is only granted in exceptional cases, so it’s better to plan ahead rather than relying on an extension.

If you hold a **long-term visa**, you may be able to convert it later. These conversions usually require meeting strict conditions and applying before your permit expires, so it’s best to start planning early.

## **What to do if your Italian visa is refused**

Getting a refusal can be discouraging, but it’s not the end of the road.

Applications are usually rejected for issues that could have been avoided, for example:

* Insufficient funds to cover your stay

* Incomplete or inconsistent documents

* Expired or invalid travel insurance

* Suspicion of false information

When a refusal occurs, you’ll receive a **standardized Schengen refusal letter**, which includes official refusal codes that explain the reason. Reviewing these codes will help you decide whether to appeal or reapply.

**Appeals** are submitted to the **Tribunale Amministrativo Regionale (TAR)**. They must be filed within **60 days**, and you’ll ned a lawyer. This route can take months and involve additional costs.

For many travelers, **reapplying is a faster and more practical option**. You can submit a new application once you’ve corrected the issues that led to refusal.

## **Conclusion**

Applying for an Italian visa takes planning, patience, and attention to detail. The best way to avoid stress is to prepare carefully and rely on **official government sources** for accurate information on requirements.

To stay organized, you can also:

* Subscribe to updates on visa policies

* Download a simple checklist to track your documents

* Explore related guides for studying, working, or settling in Italy

A little preparation now makes the process smoother, and helps you start your journey to Italy with confidence.

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Italy's visa requirements explained

If you’re travelling or moving to Italy anytime soon, you might need to apply for a visa. 

With different rules and required documents depending on the type of visa and the consulate handling your case, applications can quickly feel overwhelming. 

That’s why we’re here to lend a helping hand and guide you through the process. 

In this guide, you’ll learn:

* The standard documents required for an Italian visa

* Extra paperwork based on the type of visa you’re applying for

* Special rules for minors

* Information about biometric data, visa fees, and legalisation of documents

* And some practical tips to make your application smoother

By the end, you’ll know exactly what Italy expects from your visa application and how to prepare with confidence.

Let’s get to it\!

## Types of visa in Italy 

First, it’s essential to determine whether you require a visa and, if so, which type to apply for. 

If you’re **a citizen of the EU/EEA or Switzerland,** you’re free to travel, work, and live in Italy visa-free.

Some **non-European countries** are also visa-exempt for short stays in the Schengen area. You can find the full list of these countries on the [European Commission's website](https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/infographics/eu-visa-agreements-with-non-eu-countries/). 

For other nationalities, you’ll need to apply for a visa. 

**Short-stay Schengen visas** are for those travelling to Italy (or any other Schengen country) for 90 days or less, within a 180-day period. This type of visa is most popular for tourism and business conferences.

If you plan to move to Italy for a longer period, you’ll need a **long-stay visa**. 

There are several types of long-stay visas. Which one you’ll have to apply for depends on why you’re travelling.

Here’s a basic run-down:

* **Work visas** are for anyone looking to work in Italy, and are issued under Italy’s annual quota system (decreto flussi). Delays are common due to limited quotas, so applying early is key.   
* **Student visas** are for students enrolled in a registered Italian university. With the right documentation, processing of student visas is often faster than other long-stay visas.   
* **Family reunification visas** are for anyone joining family in Italy (e.g., spouses, children…). These often take the longest to process, as approval must come from the immigration office in Italy.  
* **Elective residence visas** are for those with substantial passive income,such as pensions, investments, or savings.  
* **Researcher and investor visas** are for higher-level researchers and investors respectively. These are relatively rare, but becoming more common. 

Almost all of these long-stay visa types require additional supporting documentation, beyond the Schengen standard. 

Many also require a *nulla osta* (pre-clearance) from Italian authorities before the consulate can process your application.

Learn more about the [Italian visa application process](https://feather-insurance.com/en-it/blog/visa-application-process)**.**

## Required documents for an Italian visa

No matter which visa you’re applying for, or how long you’re staying, there are a number of key documents that you’ll almost definitely have to provide. 

You’ll need:

* **Visa application form**: Italy has one visa form which applies to both Schengen long-stay visas. You’ll find this on your Italian consulate’s website or from the [Ministry of Foreign Affairs](https://e-applicationvisa.esteri.it/).
* **Passport**: Must be issued in the past 10 years, be valid at least 3 months beyond your planned stay, and have two blank pages for the visa to be placed in. 
* **Health insurance**: Covering a minimum of €30,000 across the entire Schengen area. Feather’s [expat health insurance](https://feather-insurance.com/en-it/health-insurance/expat) policy fullfills all visa requirements.  
* **Financial proof**: Bank statements or sponsorship letters show you can afford your stay.
* **Travel itinerary:** You won’t need a purchased ticket, but you will need to show flight details. We recommend avoiding non-refundable bookings, in case your visa is delayed or rejected.     
* **Accommodation details**: Hotel bookings, rental agreements, or a hospitality declaration (*dichiarazione di ospitalità)* if staying with friends or family. 
* **Passport-style photos**: 35x45mm, taken against a plain light background and with a neutral facial expression

For detailed and up-to-date guidance, check your consulate’s website and official resources like the [Ministry of Foreign Affairs visa portal](https://vistoperitalia.esteri.it/home/en).

## Additional documents 

On top of the standard checklist, you may need to provide additional documentation depending on your situation and the type of visa you’re applying for. 

Here’s a list of visa types, with the extra documentation you’ll need to submit:

* **Work visas**: An employment contract issued by an Italian employer.   
* **Student visas**: Confirmation of enrolment at a registered Italian university.    
* **Family reunification visas**: Evidence of family connection (for example, birth or marriage certificates), and the host’s Italian passport or residency permit.   
* **Elective residence visa**: Proof of steady, reliable income at the level Italy considers sufficient (often over €30,000 per year).  
* **Researcher and investor visas**: Proof of project funding or significant financial investment. 

Italian authorities also often ask for **employment-related documents** to prove financial stability and ties to your home country. 

These include:

* **Employees**: A recent employment contract, a letter from your employer confirming leave, and recent payslips (3 months).
* **Freelancers, digital nomads, and self-employed**: Tax returns, business registration, invoices, or client contracts.
* **Unemployed applicants**: Proof of financial sponsorship from family or a partner is usually required.

Proof of financial security is extremely important when applying for an Italian visa and is often the reason for rejections or delays.

To prevent any unwanted mishaps, we recommend providing **bank statements from the past 3-6 months** (rather than a single balance snapshot) and including **notarized tax filings** if available. 

The clearer your financial story, the smoother your visa process. Consulates don’t expect perfection, just credible proof that you can support yourself and plan to return home.

## Visa requirements for minors

Applying for a visa for a minor involves additional steps. These are put in place to make sure children are safe and secure, and are treated very seriously.

Here’s what’s usually required:

* **A parental consent letter** signed by both parents, granting permission for the trip. Some consulates demand notarization and even an **apostille** for validity.

* The child’s **birth certificate,** confirming the relationship between the child and parents. It may need translation if not in Italian. 

* **Passport copies of parents/guardians**, to verify identity and signatures on the consent form.

* **Proof of custody**. In cases of divorce or joint custody, you’ll need official custody agreements. If only one parent has full custody, the court order must be provided.

Consular staff may also ask for a death certificate if one parent is deceased, or recent court rulings if custody disputes are currently ongoing. 

Some details may differ between consulates, so it’s best to check official FAQs. 

For complex cases, immigration lawyers often publish examples of how families navigated these requirements, which can help you plan ahead and avoid surprises.

## Visa fees

No matter which visa you’re applying for, you’ll also have to pay a fee. 

Visa fees are non-refundable, even if your application is denied, so make sure you’ve got everything in order before submitting the final application\!

For **Schengen visas**, prices are €80 for adults and €40 for children aged 6-12 years old. No fees are required for children under 6 years old. 

**Long-stay visas**, on the other hand, are usually more expensive. Exact amounts depend on the type of visa, and where you’re applying from.

**Payment methods** also differ by location. Some embassies/consulates may only take cash, whilst others will accept card or bank transfers. 

Due to these slight differences, we always recommend checking details with your local embassy or consulate beforehand. 

## Biometric data

As part of your application process, you’ll also need to provide biometric data, including a **digital photo** and your **fingerprints**.

This is done on-site and usually takes only a few minutes. 

Fingerprints are stored in the **Schengen Visa Information System (VIS)** and remain valid for 5 years, so you won’t have to provide them again if you reapply. 

Certain individuals, including diplomats, government officials, and children under 12 years old, are exempt from providing fingerprint data. 

## Frequently asked questions

### Should documents be originals or are scans accepted?

Consulates usually require **original documents** at your appointment. Some allow scanned or printed copies for supporting evidence, but these rarely replace originals. 

If a document is notarized, legalized, or apostilled, it must always be the original.

### What language should documents be in? Do they need sworn translations?

Most foreign documents used for an Italian visa need an **official Italian translation (*traduzione giurata*)**.

This applies to civil records like birth or marriage certificates, and sometimes to financial documents such as bank statements. 

Ordinary translations are not enough, as they must be done by **translators recognized by the Italian courts** or consulate. 

### What if my passport is expiring soon?

Schengen rules are strict, your passport must be valid at least 3 months beyond your planned departure.

If your passport expires soon, it’s a good idea to **renew it before applying**. 

### Where should I apply?

Schengen rules state that you must apply in the country where you legally reside. 

There are narrow exceptions, but tourist applicants can’t just apply from wherever they’re traveling.

### How do I prove accommodation if I’m staying with friends/family?

If you’re not booking hotels, you’ll usually need a **dichiarazione di ospitalità** (hospitality declaration).

Your host in Italy fills out and signs this form, then submits it to the local police station to certify that you’ll be staying with them. Consulates require both the form and a copy of your host’s ID or residence permit. 

### What if I’m traveling to multiple Schengen countries?

The Schengen system follows the **main destination rule**. You should apply to the consulate of the country where you’ll spend the most days. 

If your trip is evenly split, then apply to the consulate of the country you’ll enter first.

### How long does it take to process an Italian visa?

For **Schengen short-stay visas**, the standard processing time is 15 calendar days. In complex cases, consulates can extend this up to 45 days.

**National long-stay visas** often take longer. A student visa may take a few weeks, while family reunification can stretch to several months.

Consulates regularly warn about seasonal delays (summer and Christmas are especially busy), and recommend applying as early as 12 weeks before travel. 

Checking your local consulate’s notices is the best way to get a realistic timeline.

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How the Italian public healthcare system (SSN) works

Moving to Italy is exciting. But before settling in, it helps to understand how healthcare works here.

Italy’s **Servizio Sanitario Nazionale (SSN)**, or National Health Service, gives residents access to public healthcare funded by taxes. It’s known for **strong emergency and hospital care**, though speed and quality can vary between regions.

If you’re registered as a resident and signed up for the SSN (either **mandatorily** through employment or **voluntarily**) you’re covered for most medical needs. That includes emergencies, hospital stays, specialist visits, and prescriptions, usually at no cost or with a small **co-payment (called a “ticket”)**.

Co-payments apply up to **€36** for a specialist visit or prescription and up to **€25** for a hospital visit.

With the basics out of the way, let’s get into the specifics…

## How to sign up for the public health system in Italy

To join the SSN, you’ll first need to become a **registered resident**. Once that’s complete, visit your local **ASL (Azienda Sanitaria Locale)** — the regional health office — to enroll. You’ll then choose or be assigned a **family doctor (medico di base)**, who’ll be your first point of contact for non-urgent care.

The process and waiting times can differ by region, and some doctors may already have full patient lists. It’s best to register as soon as your residency is confirmed.

### Who can register voluntarily?

If you’re not automatically covered through employment, you may still qualify for **voluntary enrollment** (*iscrizione volontaria*) in the regional health system.

You can register voluntarily if you:

* Hold a **valid residence permit for more than three months**, or are an EU citizen living in Italy without healthcare coverage from your home country.  
* Fall into one of these categories:  
  * Residents with **elective residence permits** (and their dependents)  
  * Residents for **religious, diplomatic, or business purposes** (and dependents)  
  * **Students** and **au pairs**  
  * **Volunteers** participating in recognized programs  
  * **Specific workers** who pay contributions abroad  
  * **Elderly family members** (over 65\) joining relatives in Italy through **family reunification**, if their permit was issued after **5 November 2008**

## What you’ll need to register

To register at your local ASL’s *Scelta e Revoca* office, you’ll need:

* A **valid residence permit** (or, for first-time student applicants, the receipt showing your permit request)  
* Proof of **residence or habitual domicile**  
* Your **tax code (codice fiscale)**  
* Proof of payment for the **annual contribution** (*contributo annuo*)

This contribution is **non-refundable and non-divisible**, meaning you pay the full yearly amount regardless of when you register. Payments are made via [**Form F24**](https://www.agenziaentrate.gov.it/portale/schede/pagamenti/f24/modello+e+istruzioni+f24).

## How much does it cost?

The voluntary contribution depends on your situation and income:

* **Minimum contribution:** €2,000 per year  
  * Applies to foreign residents not eligible for mandatory registration, including those with elective residence, religious personnel, students with dependents, and elderly family members joining relatives   
  * Valid for total annual income up to €31,925  
* **Higher income contribution:** €2,000 \+ 4% on income between €31,925 and €51,646  
  * Maximum total: €2,788.87  
* **Flat-rate contribution:**  
  * **Students or religious staff without dependents:** €700 per year  
  * **Au pairs without dependents:** €1,200 per year

Foreign nationals with **tourist visas**, **permits for medical treatment**, or **permits shorter than three months** are **not eligible** for SSN enrollment (even voluntarily). 

## Strengths of the SSN

* **Reliable emergency care:** You’ll be treated quickly in life-threatening situations, no questions asked.  
* **Comprehensive hospital coverage:** Surgeries, hospital stays, and urgent treatments are all included.  
* **Financial protection:** You won’t face unexpected bills for critical care.

## Where the SSN falls short

* **Long waits for non-urgent care:** Appointments for specialists or scans can take weeks or months.  
* **Limited flexibility:** You can’t always choose your doctor or appointment time.  
* **Language barriers:** Finding English-speaking staff can be difficult.  
* **Calendar-year limitation:** Sign-ups cover only full years — inconvenient for shorter or mid-year stays.  
* **No Schengen coverage:** Voluntary SSN coverage applies only within Italy.

## What this means for expats

The SSN gives you **essential protection**, especially for emergencies and pre-existing conditions that private insurance might not cover. However, **routine care can be slow**.

Many expats rely on the SSN for major needs and add **private insurance** for faster access, flexibility, and peace of mind.

## Why do many expats buy private insurance?

Private health insurance is the **fast lane** for everyday healthcare. It complements the SSN by giving you:

* **Shorter waits:** See specialists or book tests in days, not months.  
* **Freedom of choice:** Pick your doctor or clinic directly.  
* **Comfort and clarity:** Access English-speaking doctors and international facilities.

**Examples:**

* Need an MRI for knee pain? The SSN might take months, but you can schedule one privately next week.  
* Do you need to check a mole that changed rapidly? Public waitlists are long, while private clinics often have next-day appointments.

Private insurance is especially useful for **frequent travelers**, **students**, and anyone who values speed and convenience.

## How Feather helps

Feather can be more convenient than the voluntary SSN subscription, but in case of preexisting conditions entering the public system might be advisable. In those cases, you can still choose to combine both.  

You can:

* Stay protected by the **SSN** for preexisting conditions private insurance cannot cover  
* Use **Feather** to access faster private care, English-speaking doctors, and clinics that understand expat needs.  
* Be covered through Feather **across Europe**

Feather’s health insurance is also **fully compliant with Italian visa and residence permit requirements**, so you can use it to apply for your **visa, permesso di soggiorno, and residency** without delay.

We recommend starting with Feather when you arrive: It keeps you covered from day one, helps with your residence paperwork, and gives you time to review your setup later. That way, you’re protected from the moment you land in Italy to every adventure that follows.

How the Italian Public Healthcare System (SSN) Works

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How to move to Italy with the elective residence visa

If you’ve ever dreamed of living in Italy, perhaps spending your days among Tuscan vineyards, lakeside towns, or historic cities, the Elective Residence Visa (ERV) might be your path to making it happen.

This visa is designed for **non-EU citizens who want to live in Italy long-term without working**, and who can show a **stable income or sufficient savings** to support themselves. It’s a popular option for retirees, remote property owners, and anyone ready to enjoy a slower lifestyle in Italy.

But there’s one important part of the process that often causes confusion: **healthcare access**. 

Let’s break it down.

## What the elective residence visa is

The elective residence visa (ERV) allows you to live in Italy for more than 90 days without taking up employment. 

To qualify, you must prove:

* A **stable and regular income** (for example, a pension or investments).  
* **Accommodation in Italy**, such as a rented or owned home.  
* **Comprehensive health coverage**, valid for your entire stay.

You’ll need to apply for the visa before arriving in Italy (usually through your local Italian consulate), and it’s typically issued for **one year**, renewable annually as long as you maintain the same conditions.

Because ERV holders are not permitted to work in Italy, you’ll need to demonstrate that you can **support yourself financially** through passive income or savings.

## Healthcare requirements for the visa

When applying for an Elective Residence Visa, you must show **proof of private health insurance** that:

* Covers you **throughout Italy and the Schengen area**.  
* Is **comprehensive**, meaning it includes hospital stays, emergency care, and medical repatriation.  
* Is valid for at least **one year** or matches the duration of your visa.

This is where **Feather** comes in. 

Our [health insurance plans](https://feather-insurance.com/en-it/health-insurance/expat) are **fully compliant with Italian visa requirements**, making them ideal for your ERV application.

With Feather, you can easily provide the documentation required for your visa appointment and stay covered from your first day in Italy (even before you register with the public system).

## Joining the Italian healthcare system (SSN) after moving

Once you’ve arrived in Italy and received your **permesso di soggiorno** (residence permit), you’ll become eligible to apply for **residency**. After that, you can register with the **Servizio Sanitario Nazionale (SSN)**, Italy’s public healthcare system.

For Elective Residence Visa holders, SSN registration is usually **voluntary**, meaning you’ll need to **pay an annual contribution**. The cost depends on your income and residency type, but here’s a general overview:

* **€2,000 per year** (with income up to €31,925).  
* Up to **€2,788.87 per year** for higher income brackets.

Payments are made via the **F24 form** and renewed annually.

Once registered, you’ll have access to public healthcare, including general practitioners, hospital care, and specialist visits. Typically, with small **co-payments (“ticket”)** of up to **€36** for specialist visits or prescriptions and **€25** for hospital visits.

However, coverage through the SSN applies **only within Italy**, and the registration process may take time to complete.

## How to decide whether to join the public system or stay on private insurance 

Private health insurance can cost significantly less than registering with the public system.

For example, Feather’s Newcomer Plan starts at just €72 per month (about €864 per year), compared to an SSN contribution that ranges from €2,000 to €2,788 per year for elective residents.

With Feather, you also gain direct access to private doctors and clinics without long waits.

If you have serious pre-existing conditions, you might choose to combine the SSN with private insurance, since the SSN covers ongoing or existing health issues that private plans may not include. 

## Pensioners from countries with a bilateral treaty might be able to transfer healthcare rights to Italy 

If you receive a pension from a country that has a reciprocal healthcare agreement with Italy  (such as certain EU or EEA countries) you might qualify for SSN coverage automatically or with reduced contributions.

For example, pensioners from countries with a **bilateral social security treaty** (like the UK or Switzerland) can sometimes transfer healthcare rights through forms like **S1** or similar, depending on agreements in force.

For retirees from non-EU countries like the United States, Canada, or Australia, voluntary SSN registration is still available, but private insurance remains necessary at least initially.

## Why private health insurance still matters

Even after joining the SSN, many Elective Residence Visa holders choose to **keep private insurance**. Here’s why:

* **Immediate access:** You won’t need to wait for your residence or SSN registration to be complete.  
* **Faster care:** Private insurance lets you skip long waiting lists for specialists or scans.  
* **Language comfort:** Many private doctors and clinics offer services in English.  
* **Broader coverage:** You’ll be protected across Europe, not just within Italy.

### For example:
An American retiree has just moved to Tuscany. 

They apply for the Elective Residence Visa with Feather’s visa-compliant plan, using it for their first months in Italy. 

Once settled and registered as a resident, they join the SSN for long-term peace of mind. But they keep Feather for fast access to private specialists and English-speaking doctors.

It’s a balance that gives them the best of both systems: the reliability of public care and the flexibility of private healthcare.

## Conclusion

If you’re planning to move to Italy on an **Elective Residence Visa**, you’ll need **private health insurance** to apply. And, you’ll likely want to keep it once you’re here.

Feather makes that easy. Our plans are:

* **Compliant** with Italian visa and residence requirements.  
* **Accepted** by consulates and local immigration offices.  
* **Flexible**, letting you stay covered during your transition to the SSN.

Start your Italian chapter with confidence, knowing you’re protected from day one, supported every step of the way, and ready to enjoy life under the Italian sun.

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How to move to Italy

Thinking of moving to Italy? Whilst undoubtedly exciting, you’ll have to think about more than booking a flight and imagining la dolce vita. 

To make the move successfully, you’ll need both inspiration and a clear roadmap.

The good news is that you’re not alone. We’re here to walk you through the process, and lend a helping hand where things get tricky. 

In this guide, you’ll learn:

* The most common reasons people move to Italy  
* The different long-term visa options available (and who needs them)  
* How to prepare in the months leading up to your move  
* What to expect once you’ve arrived in Italy  
* What to do after settling down in Italy   
* Long-term steps toward permanent residency and citizenship

By the end, you’ll know exactly how to turn your Italian dream into reality.

Ready? 

## Why move to Italy?

It comes as no surprise that Italy is a prime destination for both tourism and long-term stays.

**Employment opportunities** in science, engineering, business and trade are especially attractive for newcomers. 

**Education** is another big plus. Italy’s public universities remain among the most affordable in Europe, often offering low or no tuition. 

Inexpensive and accessible **universal healthcare** is also a major factor for many newcomers. Whilst quality and wait times do vary, overall coverage remains a strong benefit. 

Finally, who could forget that famous **Italian lifestyle**\! From a Mediterranean diet and scenic coastlines to UNESCO-protected heritage sites, Italy blends culture with quality of life admired around the world.

## Who needs a visa?

The first step on your journey to Italy is to figure out whether you need a visa. 

If you’re a **resident of the EU/EEA or Switzerland,** you’re in luck: Free movement regulations mean that you can live, work, or study in Italy for as long as you like without a visa. 

Citizens of **Australia, Canada, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, and the USA** also benefit from bilateral agreements allowing them to enter without a visa for short periods (up to 90 days). 

However these agreements don’t allow you to work in Italy, so if you’re planning to settle down long term you’ll likely need to apply for a long-term visa. 

For all other countries, visas are required for both short visits and longer stays. 

## Visa and immigration options 

Applying for the correct visa is one of the most important steps for newcomers, so it’s worth taking the time to explore your options. 

Applications are typically submitted through your local Italian consulate, and the required documents depend on the type of visa. 

Once approved, you enter Italy with the visa and must then apply for a **permesso di soggiorno** (residence permit) at the local Questura within eight days of arrival.

Italy offers:

* **Employment visas** for non-EU nationals with a confirmed job offer. To qualify, you must have a signed job contract with an Italian employer willing to sponsor your application.

* **EU Blue Cards** for highly qualified professionals meeting salary and skill criteria. These provide increased mobility within the EU, and a quicker path to long-term residency.

* **Self-employment visas**, which require early preparation. They are subject to strict quotas, and applicants must show proof of professional qualifications and financial resources. 
* **Student visas** for those admitted to Italian universities. Applicants must present proof of enrollment, financial security, accommodation, and health insurance. 
* **Family reunification permits** for spouses, children, or dependent relatives of residents. Applicants must show proof of stable income, adequate housing, and family relationship.
* **Elective residency visas** for retirees or financially independent individuals able to prove sufficient income.  
* **Au pair visas** for individuals aged 18 \- 30 who live with an Italian host family in exchange for childcare and light household duties.  
* **Startup visas** for entrepreneurs launching innovative businesses with financial backing.  
* **Investor visas** for those committing significant capital (minimum €250,000 \- €2 million, depending on the sector). 

Each option has distinct requirements and waiting times, so planning ahead and securing documents early is crucial\!

**Changing visa status** within Italy is possible but tightly regulated. If necessary, we recommend starting the process early, having documents ready, and preparing for delays.

Learn more about [**how to apply for a visa in Italy**](https://feather-insurance.com/en-it/blog/visa-application-process)**.**

## Preparing for your move to Italy

### Financial expectations

Official visa requirements often set **minimum income thresholds,** which vary by permit type. To be safe, we recommend budgeting beyond the legal minimum to cover any unexpected expenses. 

A good place to start is **rental deposits and living expenses**. 

Deposits usually range from 2 to 3 months’ rent, depending on the location and size of the accommodation.

To ensure you’re financially secure on arrival, it’s also a good idea to set aside roughly 3 months of living expenses, ranging from €6,000 to €8,000, depending on the city.

### Finding a job in Italy

Securing work once you arrive in Italy is easier if you’ve prepared in advance. 

Major platforms like [**LinkedIn**](https://www.linkedin.com/)**, [InfoJobs](https://www.infojobs.it/),** and **[Monster Italy](https://www.monster.com/)** list vacancies across industries, while specialized boards focus on fields like healthcare or IT. 

Networking through professional associations and building relationships through internships, local courses, or volunteering also increases your chances.

### Securing accommodation (and avoiding scams)

The Italian rental market can be competitive, especially in larger cities.

Tenants should ensure contracts are **officially registered** and, where possible, benefit from the **cedolare secca** tax regime, which helps stabilize rent costs. 

**Scams** often target newcomers unfamiliar with local practices. To stay safe, avoid wiring money before signing an official contract, and never pay deposits for apartments you have not personally visited.

Trusted platforms like [**Immobiliare.it**](http://Immobiliare.it)**, [Idealista](https://www.idealista.it/), and [Casa.it](http://Casa.it)**, as well as licensed estate agencies, are the safest entry points.

### Short-term health insurance

Health coverage is required for all visas. 

Until you qualify for the public system **(Servizio Sanitario Nazionale)**, you need another type of private health insurance. Applicants must show proof of insurance valid in Italy at least for the initial stay. 

[**Expat insurance**](https://feather-insurance.com/en-it/health-insurance/expat) plans are designed to meet visa requirements and provide access to healthcare from day one, serving as a bridge until you are eligible for the SSN.

### Preparing essential documents

Before arriving in Italy, it’s worth taking the time to collect all the documents you’ll need. 

Many official documents (birth/marriage certificates, and academic diplomas) must be **apostilled (or legalized) and translated** into Italian by a certified translator.

Timelines can be lengthy, and securing an apostille can take several weeks depending on your country’s procedures. 

We recommend starting the process at least **three to four months before your intended move,** to ensure documents are ready by the time you apply for your visa.

### Getting your things, car, or pets to Italy

Making sure your life follows you over to Italy can make a huge difference as you settle in.

New residents can often import household goods **duty-free**. Customs clearance typically involves presenting your residence permit and a detailed inventory of goods.

**Bringing a car** is more complicated. Vehicles must meet EU emission and safety standards, and you’ll need to register the car in Italy within 12 months of arrival.

For pets, the **EU Pet Passport** (or equivalent veterinary certificate) is mandatory. Animals must be microchipped, vaccinated against rabies, and accompanied by official health documentation.

## Your first month after arriving in Italy

### Moving in and setting up utilities

Once you’ve found a new home, the next step is arranging utilities.

**Electricity and gas** are usually provided by national or regional suppliers such as [Enel Energia](https://www.enel.it/it-it), [Eni](https://www.eni.com/it-IT/home.html), or [Hera](https://www.gruppohera.it/), whilst w**ater services** are managed locally by municipal providers.

Setting up utilities typically requires your rental contract, identification documents, and your codice fiscale. 

For **phone numbers and internet connection**, providers like [TIM](https://www.tim.it/), [Vodafone](https://www.vodafone.it/), [WindTre](https://www.windtre.it/), and [Fastweb](https://www.fastweb.it/) offer a range of packages. Wifi installation can take some time, so we recommend arranging early.

### Registering your address

As soon as you’ve moved in, you must register your address at the local **anagrafe** (registry office). 

This step is crucial for confirming your residency and obtaining an official **residenza** certificate, which you’ll need to apply for healthcare, residence permits, and for other important administrative tasks.  

You’ll need your lease agreement, identification, and sometimes proof of income. The municipality may also arrange a home visit to verify your address. 

### Opening a bank account

Banking is essential for paying rent, receiving a salary, or setting up utilities. 

**Traditional banks** like [Unicredit](https://www.unicredit.it/it/privati.html) and [Intesa Sanpaolo](https://www.intesasanpaolo.com/) offer full services, though opening an account may involve long wait times and fees. 

To open an account, you’ll generally need a codice fiscale (tax number), proof of residence, and a valid ID.

**Online banks** such as [N26](https://n26.com/en-fr/open-bank-account-in-italy), [Revolut](https://www.revolut.com/it-IT/), or [Wise](https://wise.com/it/) offer faster, more flexible options, often with English interfaces. 

### Important insurances for expats

Insurance is a critical part of settling in. The three most important types for newcomers are:

* **Liability insurance**: Protects you if you accidentally cause damage to others or their property. This is often required for rental contracts.

* **Car insurance**: Mandatory if you plan to drive, with costs depending on region and driving history.

* [**Health insurance**](https://feather-insurance.com/en-it/health-insurance/expat): Essential for visa applications and initial months before gaining access to Italy’s public system.

### Starting work or studies

Before you can legally begin work or studies in Italy, a few key documents are required. 

The **codice fiscale** (tax code) is essential for everything from signing an employment contract to receiving a salary or scholarship. 

Employees must have a registered work contract, and in some cases, the employer handles additional documentation, such as social security registration.

For **students**, universities typically require your residence permit application receipt and proof of health insurance before finalizing enrollment. 

### Transport and mobility

Italy’s transport system is well developed, widely available, and affordable in most cities. 

In major cities, **monthly passes** for buses, trams, and metros significantly reduce costs compared to single tickets.

Driving requires extra care. **EU and EEA licenses** are valid in Italy, but non-EU citizens may need to convert or retest after 1 year, depending on bilateral agreements.

### Bringing your family after arrival

Once you are legally settled, you may apply for family reunification to bring dependents to Italy. 

The process requires proof of adequate income, suitable housing, and official relationship documents legalized and translated into Italian.

Applications are submitted through the local immigration office, with **timelines varying widely by region**. 

Starting early will help avoid unnecessary delays in reuniting with your loved ones.

## Your first year living in Italy

### Learning Italian

Language learning is one of the most important investments you can make in your first year. Speaking Italian can make long-term integration, employment, and navigating bureaucracy much easier. 

There are several effective methods:

* **Integration courses** offered by municipalities or cultural centers provide structured lessons at low cost.   
* **Private language schools** in most major cities offer intensive programs tailored to professionals or students.   
* **Tandem exchanges** connect you with Italians who want to learn your language in return.

### Public healthcare 

Once you have your residence permit, you can register with the **SSN (Servizio Sanitario Nazionale)**, Italy’s public healthcare system. 

Registration usually takes place at your **local ASL (health authority office)**, where you’ll need your residence certificate, codice fiscale, and proof of address. 

After registering, you **choose a general practitioner** who will serve as your main contact for referrals and prescriptions.

Learn more about [**public healthcare in Italy**](https://feather-insurance.com/en-it/blog/public-health-insurance-ssn-guide)**.**

### Culture and workplace habits

Adapting to Italian workplace culture is key to success, helping you build trust and integrate smoothly into professional environments.

Many companies maintain a clear **hierarchical structure** in which respect for managers and seniority is important. 

Employment contracts typically include 4 weeks of paid vacation, and it is common for many businesses to slow down in August during the summer holidays.

### Building a social network 

Forming a community in Italy takes time, but opportunities are everywhere\! 

Many newcomers join **expat groups**, **language exchange events**, or platforms like [**Meetup**](https://www.meetup.com/), which host gatherings for sports, networking, or cultural activities. 

**Volunteering** offers another avenue to integrate while contributing to the community. 

Making connections with both expats and locals gives you support and authentic cultural immersion, helping you feel truly at home.

### Taxes and social contributions

Once you’ve spent more than **183 days** in Italy, you’re legally considered a tax resident and must file your first **dichiarazione dei redditi** (tax return) the following year. 

In addition, employees automatically contribute to **INPS (Istituto Nazionale della Previdenza Sociale)**, which provides pensions, unemployment benefits, and other benefits. 

Contributions are usually deducted from your salary by your employer; however, freelancers and self-employed workers must register with INPS directly.

### Childcare and education

Italy offers both public and private options for education:

* **State schools** are free of charge and follow a national curriculum  
* **Private and international schools** charge tuition and offer bilingual programs, alternative teaching methods, or curricula aligned with those of other countries.

Childcare begins with **asili nido** (nurseries) for children up to age three, followed by **scuola dell’infanzia** (kindergarten). 

Monthly costs in **private nurseries range from €300 to €700**, with enrollment requiring proof of residence and vaccination records.

## Long-term residency and citizenship in Italy

### Permanent residency

After **five years of continuous legal residence**, non-EU citizens can apply for an **EU long-term residence permit**. 

This permit grants almost the same rights as Italian citizens, including free movement across most EU countries and easier access to jobs and benefits.

Applicants must demonstrate stable **income**, adequate **housing**, and proof of integration. The latter often involves passing an Italian language test at A2 level or higher.

### Citizenship

Italian citizenship offers full rights in Italy and the European Union, including voting and unrestricted work across member states. 

The most common path for expats is **naturalization after 10 years of legal residence**, with reduced periods for those with an Italian spouse or Italian ancestry.

Processing often takes 3-4 years, though reforms aim to streamline procedures. Applicants must demonstrate income stability, integration, and proficiency in Italian. 

Italy is among the countries that allow **dual citizenship**, which can be a major advantage for expats who want to maintain ties with their home country while enjoying EU rights.

### Long-term financial planning

Settling permanently in Italy requires thoughtful financial planning for the future. 

Contributions to **INPS (Istituto Nazionale della Previdenza Sociale)** build toward state pensions, with benefits depending on years of contributions and income level.

**Real estate** is a popular investment, but ownership comes with **property taxes** such as IMU (municipal tax on second homes) and transaction fees.

## Conclusion

Moving to Italy shouldn’t have to feel scary. It’s an exciting life experience, and bureaucracy doesn’t have to get in the way\!

Whilst there’s a lot to think about, the best advice is to take things slowly, step by step. Preparing in advance is also key, but not everything needs to be handled at once.

Follow the steps we’ve outlined here, and don’t hesitate to reach out to your local Italian embassy or consulate for any questions specific to your situation. 

Once you’ve got all your bases covered, it’s time to book that flight\!

Ci vediamo presto\!

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How to study in Italy as an international student

Studying in Italy gives you a rare mix of strong universities and everyday life that feels genuinely enriching.

You’ll find respected programs in fields like art, engineering, and business, with more degrees now offered in English. 

Public university tuition is often relatively low, and scholarships or fee reductions are common. Add Italy’s food, culture, and history, and it’s easy to see why so many international students choose it.

In this guide, you’ll learn:

* Why Italy is a great place to study [and what to consider before you commit]
* The step-by-step process to move to Italy as a student
* Student visa requirements for non-EU/EEA citizens
* How health insurance works for students, including private plans and the SSN
* Whether you need Italian, and what student life is really like

By the end, you’ll know exactly what to prepare, what to do first, and how to arrive in Italy feeling ready.

## Why Study in Italy

With strong academic traditions and a world-renowned lifestyle, it’s no surprise that Italy is one of the most popular locations for students. 

Public universities offer programs in art, engineering, business and more with an increasing number of master’s and bachelor degrees taught in English.

Tuition fees at public universities tend to be relatively low, and scholarships or fee reductions are common. 

On top of all this, you get to enjoy Italy’s food, history, and culture whilst you study\! 

## How to move to Italy as a student

If you’re looking for a brief overview, here’s a step-by-step guide:

1. **Choose your program & prepare your documents**: Most universities request your passport, diploma, transcripts, and translations if the originals are not in English or Italian.  
2. **Apply to your chosen program**: You can usually upload your documents through the university’s portal.  
3. **Complete pre-enrollment on Universitaly**: Required for many non EU students, this step helps the university confirm your background before you apply for a visa.  
4. **Receive acceptance**:Your acceptance letter arrives once everything is approved. You will need this for your visa appointment.  
5. **Prepare financial proof and insurance**: Italian consulates usually ask for valid health insurance and proof you can support yourself for your entire stay (roughly €534.41 per month)  
6. **Apply for a student visa**: You’ll need to bring your acceptance letter, proof of accommodation, financial documents, passport, and insurance. Book early since appointment times vary.  
7. **Complete arrival steps**: Non-EU students must apply for a residence permit within eight days. EU/EEA students should register with the local Comune if staying more than three months.  
8. **Finalise enrolment**: Universities require your passport, visa, insurance proof, and any required payments. Once enrolled, you can use campus systems, libraries, and student services.

Looking for more detail? Let’s walk through some of the specifics surrounding visas, health insurance, and language requirements, so you have a better idea what to expect. 

## Student Visas for Non-EU students

If you’re a student from outside the EU or EEA staying longer than 90 days, you’ll need a **student visa** valid for the entire duration of your studies .

Requirements vary slightly by consulate, but in general, you’ll need:

*  A valid **passport**  
* An **acceptance letter** from an Italian university   
* **Proof of accommodation and financial stability** (a minimum of €535 per month)  
* **Health insurance** covering medical care and emergencies in Italy. Private insurance is often the easiest option during the visa stage.  
* **Passport photos**  
* **Translations**, if original documents are not in Italian 

Visa processing often takes a few weeks, depending on the consulate and season.

After arriving in Italy , you must apply for your residence permit at the Questura within eight days. Universities often guide students through this step.

## Health insurance for students in Italy

You’ll need to purchase an insurance plan before applying for your visa, and it’s essential for everyday life once you arrive.

There are **two main kinds of health insurance** available to students:

* **Private insurance**: The most straightforward option for visa requirements, providing immediate coverage from your first day in Italy.  
* **Italian National Health Service (SSN)**: You can join the SSN after arrival, although many students keep private insurance at least for their first months. The registration process varies by region.

**EU and EEA students** often rely on their **European Health Insurance Card**, however some still choose private insurance for additional coverage.

Most **non EU students** start with private insurance for the visa and later decide whether SSN enrollment fits their needs.

Whilst you’re here, check out [Feather’s student health insurance packages](https://feather-insurance.com/en-it/health-insurance/expat/short-term/students) to find out if they’re right for you\!

## Do you need to speak Italian?

Being comfortable speaking Italian makes everyday tasks and administrative paperwork easier, but it’s not always required. 

**Many degrees are offered fully in English**, especially in large cities like Rome or Milan. **Italian-taught programs** usually expect at least B2 Italian, with some universities offering language placement tests.

If you’re looking to **improve your Italian**, consider exploring:

* University language centers  
* Italian cultural institutes  
* Local language schools  
* Online platforms and apps

## What to expect from student life in Italy

Student life in Italy is friendly, social, and rooted in local traditions.

**The academic year** usually begins in September or October and ends in July. Oral exams are common, so don’t be surprised if you’re called on to speak up\!

**Cost of living** varies by city. Larger cities like Milan, Florence, and Rome tend to be more expensive, so shared apartments are common among students.

Most cities are walkable and have good **public transport**, with monthly transport passes available to students.

In the evenings, **aperitivo** is a popular way to meet friends, with student clubs and associations regularly organizing events.

## Key organisations you should know about

Several offices play a role in your move to Italy:

* **Universitaly:** A national portal where many non EU students complete pre enrollment.  
* **Italian Consulates:** Handle student visa applications and may have slightly different requirements.  
* **Questura** This is where non EU students apply for their residence permit after arrival.  
* **Comune or Anagrafe:** EU and EEA students staying more than three months usually register their residence here. Requirements vary by town.

If you ever find yourself in doubt, or unsure which steps to take, it’s a good idea to start by reaching out to one of these institutions. 

## Final checklist

**Before applying to university**, make sure to research your program thoroughly, and take note of any deadlines or requirements. If required, prepare language certificates and translated documents. 

**Before booking an appointment for your visa**, complete your university application and arrange your health insurance, accommodation, and financial documents. 

**Whilst travelling**, bring copies of all documents as well as your visa 

**After arriving**, you’ll have to apply for your residence permit, finalise enrollment, and set up a student transport card. 

Sign up for expat insurance

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STD & STI testing in Italy

Getting tested for STIs and STDs is **vital for maintaining your well-being** in Italy, and ensuring safety for both yourself and your partner(s), whether or not you’re in a committed relationship.

Screenings help identify **hidden infections**, **prevent serious health complications later on**, and foster a culture of **responsible sexual behavior**.

But navigating testing options can seem daunting, especially when you're uncertain about where to go, which tests are necessary, or what costs might be involved.

That’s why we’re here to help.

**In this guide we’ll cover**:

* When you should consider getting tested   
* Recognizing symptoms and understanding when testing is advisable   
* Locations for testing across Italy, from Rome to Milan (and more)  
* The costs of testing, and the options for free or insurance-covered tests  
* How long it typically takes to receive your results  
* The steps to follow if your results are positive, including available support services  
* How to respond quickly if you’ve recently been exposed to HIV

By the end, you'll have all the knowledge needed to protect and take care of your sexual health while in Italy.

Let’s get started\!

## Understanding symptoms and when to test

Many infections **don’t initially cause symptoms**. 

The Italian National Institute of Health (ISS) notes that up to 80% of women with chlamydia and 50% of men may be unaware they are infected.

Viruses such as **HPV**, **HIV**, and **hepatitis B** can remain hidden for months or even years. 

**Routine testing** is essential for early diagnosis, preventing complications and minimizing onward transmission.

However, some infections do produce physical signs, so it’s important not to ignore symptoms.

**Never rely solely on self-diagnosis**. 

When in doubt, it’s never a bad idea to get tested. Conditions like yeast infections, urinary tract infections, or skin irritations can mimic STI symptoms.

Here are some of the most **common signs that warrant testing**:

| Infection | Possible symptoms (varying) |
| :---: | :---: |
| Chlamydia | Abnormal discharge, burning during urination, testicular discomfort |
| Gonorrhea | Purulent yellow or green discharge, painful urination |
| Genital herpes | Painful blisters or sores on genitals or anus |
| Syphilis | Painless sore (chancre), eventually rashes or flu-like symptoms |
| HPV | Genital warts, often painless |
| Trichomoniasis | Frothy vaginal discharge, foul odor, discomfort during sex |
| HIV | Fever, fatigue, sore throat, muscle aches |
| Hepatitis B/C | Nausea, fatigue, yellowing of skin or eyes |

## How to get tested for STIs and STDs in Italy

### 1\. Assess whether testing is needed

If you’ve had a risky encounter, consulting a healthcare provider is recommended. They can advise on the optimal timing for testing and whether multiple tests might be necessary.

Generally, **if you suspect you’ve been exposed you should get tested**, but timing is key.

Infections take time to develop detectable levels in your body, known as the “**window period**.” Testing too soon could lead to false-negative results.

Below is an overview of the **typical window periods**:

| Disease | Earliest accurate detection | Test method |
| :---: | :---: | :---: |
| HIV | 2–4 weeks (most reliable at 6 weeks) | Blood test for antigens and antibodies |
| Chlamydia | 1–2 weeks | Urine sample or swab |
| Gonorrhea | 1–2 weeks | Urine sample or swab |
| Syphilis | 3–6 weeks | Blood test |
| Hepatitis B and C | 4–6 weeks | Blood test |
| Herpes (HSV) | 2–12 weeks (mainly if symptomatic or high risk) | Blood test or lesion swab |

If your **HIV exposure took place less than 72 hours ago**, urgent steps must be taken, which we’ll cover later.

### 2\. Find a testing location

### In Italy, testing for STIs and STDs is available at a variety of clinics and centers, offering multiple ways to access services.

Here’s how to locate the best option for you:

* **Medical clinics:** Visiting your *medico di base* (general practitioner) is always an option. Even if they don’t perform STI-testing, they can help refer you to a gynecologist/urologist who can.   
* **Test finder tools and hotlines**: The ISS HIV Information Hotline provides free information and guidance (800 861061).   
* **Public health offices (ASL)**: Local ASL centers offer free or low-cost STI testing, often anonymously. To find your local ASL office, search for: "ASL \+ your city"  
* **Home test kits**: Private clinics like FirstMed and Doctors in Italy offer comprehensive STI testing with English-language support for tourists and expats.   
* **Private Services**: Better2Know provides same-day confidential testing in major cities.

If you’re looking for more detailed information, here’s an overview of testing locations in most major Italian cities:

### Where to get tested in Rome

| Location | Services |
| ----- | ----- |
| [INMI Lazzaro Spallanzani \- Stanza 13](https://www.inmi.it/) | Free HIV testing (rapid & conventional), STI screening, PEP, PrEP |
| [Roma Checkpoint](https://romacheckpoint.setmore.com/testhiv) | Free rapid HIV and syphilis testing (20 min results) |
| LILA Roma | Information hotline, counseling, prevention |
| [ASL Roma 1 Centro](https://www.aslroma1.it/) | Free anonymous HIV testing |

### Where to get tested in Milan

| Location | Services |
| ----- | ----- |
| [Milano Checkpoint (Arcigay Milano)](https://www.milanocheckpoint.it/) | Free anonymous HIV, syphilis, hepatitis C rapid testing |
| [LILA Milano](https://www.lilamilano.it/) | HIV, HCV, syphilis testing, LGBTQIA+ support |
| [ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco \- Centro MTS](https://www.asst-fbf-sacco.it/) | Comprehensive STI testing |
| [Centro MTS \- Viale Jenner](https://www.ats-milano.it/) | Free STI testing |

### Where to get tested in Naples

| Location | Services |
| ----- | ----- |
| [ASL Napoli 1 Centro \- SS. Annunziata](https://www.aslnapoli1centro.it/) | Free anonymous HIV testing |
| [Ospedale Cotugno (AOU)](https://www.aorn.it/) | STI testing and treatment |
| [AOU Federico II \- Dermatology](https://www.policlinico.unina.it/) | STI testing |
| [Arcigay Napoli](https://www.arcigaynapoli.org/) | Health support and prevention services |

### Where to get tested in Florence

| Location | Services |
| ----- | ----- |
| [Centro MTS \- Villa Basilewsky](https://www.uslcentro.toscana.it/) | HIV and syphilis testing without prescription |
| [AOU Careggi \- Infectious Diseases](https://www.aou-careggi.toscana.it/) | Comprehensive STI testing |
| LILA Toscana | Information, counseling, prevention, rapid testing |
| [Ospedale Meyer (Pediatric)](https://www.meyer.it/) | STI testing for minors under 14 |

### Where to get tested in Turin

| Location | Services |
| ----- | ----- |
| [Ce.Mu.S.S. (Centro multidisciplinare per la Salute Sessuale)](https://www.aslto1.piemonte.it/) | STI testing with phone triage access |
| LILA Piemonte | Information, training, prevention |
| [Check Point Torino](https://checkpointtorino.wordpress.com/) | Free rapid HIV tests |
| [Testing Night SanArcobaleno](https://casarcobaleno.blogspot.com/) | Free rapid HIV and syphilis tests |

### Where to get tested in Bologna

| Location | Services |
| ----- | ----- |
| [BLQ Checkpoint](https://plus-aps.it/) | Rapid HIV test (capillary blood), rapid HCV test (saliva) |
| [Policlinico Sant'Orsola \- Infectious Diseases](https://www.aosp.bo.it/) | Comprehensive STI testing |
| [Casa della Comunità Porto Saragozza \- Spazio Giovani](https://www.ausl.bologna.it/) | Youth-focused sexual health services |
| Regional AIDS Hotline | Anonymous HIV test booking throughout Emilia-Romagna |

### 4\. Schedule an appointment

Most testing centers don’t require a referral, but some might need you to book an appointment ahead of time. Whether you need to do so depends on the specific facility.

**Public health offices (ASL)** usually accept walk-ins, and won’t require pre-scheduled bookings. 

For **gynecologists**, **urologists**, and **general practitioners** (medico di base), on the other hand, you will need to book an appointment ahead of time.

For **sexual health clinics** and **NGOs**, whether or not you need to book an appointment varies. Some accept drop-in visits, whilst others require booking. 

### 5\. Await your results

The time frame for results depends on the type of test and where it was performed. 

Rapid HIV tests, which are available in many clinics and mobile units, typically show results within an hour of testing. 

For blood, urine, or swab tests, results can take between 3-7 days. 

### 6\. What to do if your test is positive

A positive result can be overwhelming, but rest assured that treatment options and support systems are readily accessible in Italy.

Here’s what happens if you test positive:

* **Confirmation:** Sometimes, your healthcare provider may order a follow-up test to confirm the initial result, especially for infections like HIV or syphilis.  
* **Referral:** You will be directed to a specialist (such as an infectious disease doctor, gynecologist, or urologist) for further treatment.  
* **Treatment:** Most STIs can be cured. Bacterial infections like chlamydia and gonorrhea are treated with antibiotics, while viral infections like HIV and hepatitis require ongoing care.

## Support services

If you feel anxious or need guidance, many cities offer confidential support through:

* **LILA centers:** Providing counseling, community support, and prevention programs.  
* **LGBTQ+ organizations:** Offering tailored services for LGBTQ+ communities.  
* **Mental health clinics:** To help cope with stress, stigma, or emotional concerns related to STIs.

You can also discuss **therapy** or **counseling** options with your doctor or insurance provider.

## Legal protections

In Italy, your private health information is legally protected.

**Employers cannot access your test results** or investigate your HIV status, and you are not obliged to disclose your STI status unless legally necessary in specific public health situations.

Your medical r**ecords are confidentia**l under GDPR and Italian privacy laws (segreto professionale).

### Are tests anonymous and confidential?

It’s crucial to understand the difference between anonymous and confidential testing:

* **Anonymous testing** means none of your personal identification information (name, ID, insurance) is collected.   
* **Confidential testing** uses your data, but is protected by strict privacy policies. Results are stored securely and only shared with your consent.

If you want your test cost covered by the **national health service (SSN)**, the process will usually link results to your name, so it won’t be anonymous.

Many **STI centers** offer free anonymous testing (especially for HIV), which is protected by law in Italy.

Some community organizations like **Roma Checkpoint**, **Milano Checkpoint**, and regional **LILA centers** provide quick, anonymous testing with results in about 15–20 minutes.

## Are STI tests free or paid?

In Italy, it is often possible to get free STI testing, or at least have testing covered by insurance. However, some costs and conditions apply, depending on the case. 

### Free testing options

**Public health centers (ASL)** all offer free HIV testing by law, regardless of insurance status. Other STI tests may incur a small co-payment (€15–46), unless you qualify for exemptions.

Those who might qualify for **exemptions** include:

* People with income below specified thresholds  
* Unemployed individuals  
* Youth under 25  
* Elderly over 65 with low income  
* Migrants and undocumented persons under certain circumstances

**Community organizations**, such as local chapters of Arcigay, LILA, and other NGOs, also offer free and anonymous testing and counseling.

### Insurance-covered testing

Public health insurance (SSN) typically covers STI testing when symptoms are present. HIV testing is always free and anonymous, however other STI tests may require ticket sanitario (€15-46).

Private insurance offers broader coverage, typically covering testing even without symptoms. 

Some policies may restrict coverage to specific test types or require a doctor's referral, and ypical coverage ranges from 80-100% depending on your plan. 

To make sure you’re not caught off guard, always **check your policy details** and confirm with your health insurance company.

### Paying out of pocket

Many people choose to test regularly as part of their sexual health routine, and might not be fully covered by insurance. 

Here’s a quick guide to what you can expect to pay:

| Service | Cost  |
| :---: | :---: |
| HIV Rapid Test | €30–50 |
| Full STI Panel (blood/urine) | €100–200 |
| Individual Tests (e.g. Chlamydia, Gonorrhea) | €25–45 per test |

## Actions to take if you recently had a high-risk HIV exposure (within the last 72 hours)

If you’ve experienced a potential HIV exposure, **immediate action is essential.** You might not necessarily need preventative medication (PrEP), but quick intervention is crucial.

Here is what you should do right away:

1. **Seek urgent medical attention** or visit an infectious disease clinic. When arriving, ask for **"codice verde" (green code)** to expedite your care.   
2. You will undergo a **risk assessment** to determine if post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is appropriate for your situation  
3. If prescribed, you will start a **28-day course of antiretroviral medications** immediately. Most side effects are mild, but close medical supervision is advised.  
4. **Follow-up testing** will be scheduled at specific intervals, such as after 6 weeks and 3 months, to monitor your health.

**PEP is fully covered by the Italian national health system (SSN)** when accessed through emergency services using the green code triage. You won’t need to pay upfront.

## Emergency contacts and hotlines

* **112:** The universal emergency number, available 24/7.  
* **800 861061:** The ISS HIV Information Hotline, operational Monday to Friday from 1 pm to 6 pm, offering free guidance and support.